Ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo ze-EUV ze-oda ze-EMIC kwakubekelwa ixesha, I-ASML yaphendula

Uhlalutyo lweNikkei Asia lubike ngomhla we-6 (ixesha laseBeijing) ukuba i-ASML ilibazise ukuhanjiswa komatshini we-EUV we-EUV lithograph, kodwa izizathu ezithile azaziwa.

KuMeyi ophelileyo, i-SMIC iyalele umatshini wokudibanisa i-EUV yezigidigidi ze-EUV kwi-ASML. I-Nikkei yaxelelwa ngemithombo emithathu ukuba izixhobo ezi-odolwe yi-SMIC zicwangciselwe ukusihambisa ekupheleni kwalo nyaka kwaye ziya kufakwa phakathi ku-2020, kodwa iimpahla okwangoku "zilinde ukulandelwa kokulandela."

Ngomhla we-6 (nge-Beijing) ngokuhlwa, iReuters ibike ukuba i-ASML iphendule ngokuthi ilayisensi yenkampani yokuthumela izixhobo zayo eziphambili kumthengi waseTshayina siphelelwe lixesha kwaye ilinde imvume kurhulumente waseDatshi ukuba ibe nelayisensi entsha. .

Isithethi se-ASML, uMonique Mols, sichaze ukuba ixabiso lezi zixhobo zingama-100 ezigidi zeerandi. "I-ASML ithobela umthetho kuphela. Umthetho uthi ngokucacileyo ukuba izixhobo ze-EUV zingathuthwa kuphela ukuba ngaba zinelayisensi yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe."

Ukuzibophelela amaxesha amaninzi

Njengoko uphuhliso lweshishini le semiconductor lase China lisanda, ishishini le-ASML e China likhule kakhulu. Ngokwedatha yentengiso yekota yokuqala kunye nekota yesibini ye-ASML 2018, intengiso kwilizwekazi ibalwe malunga neepesenti ezingama-20, elingana nemakethi yaseMelika kwaye idlula kwimakethi yaseTaiwan. Ukwenzela ukumiliselwa nzulu kokuzimisela kwintengiso yaseTshayina, i-ASML ithathe indawo yenkokheli yendawo yaseKorea kunye nomongameli wase-China uShen Bo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona imakethi iye yanamahemuhemu malunga ne-ASML, i-ASML iyiphikile nganye kwaye iphinda ibethe ngokubaluleka kwemarike yaseTshayina. Nge-Agasti ka-Agasti ophelileyo, bekukho amahlebezi okuba i-ASML yavalwa ngurhulumente wase-US kwaye ayikwazanga ukuqesha abasebenzi baseTshayina. Emva koko, i-ASML yaphendula: "Le yinkohliso ebubuxoki. Xa i-ASML iphinda iqesha abantu, akukho sithintelo kubume beli lizwe. Samkela iinjineli ezivela kwihlabathi liphela."

Ukongeza, kukho abantu abanenkxalabo yokuba isiVumelwano seWassenaar asiyi kuvumela i-ASML ukuba ithenge izixhobo zamva nje ezivela eChina. Ngokuphathelene noku, uShen Bo uthe oku kukungaqondi kakuhle kwe-ASML, oomatshini be-ASML bahlala bethengiswa kwilizwekazi. Uye wathembisa ukuba ezona zixhobo zihambele phambili ziya kubonakala kwimarike enkulu.

NgoJuni walo nyaka, umgca wokuvelisa we-intshi we-Wuxi we-12 ye-intshi we-Huahong Semiconductor, enye into efunyanwa e-China, nayo yafudukela ngempumelelo kwizixhobo ezintathu ze-lithoM lithography. Isekela likaMongameli oMkhulu we-ASML u-Bert Savonije uthe i-ASML ihlonitshwe kakhulu ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwe-semiconductor ye-China kwaye banegalelo, kwaye ndinethemba lokuqhubeka nokuba negalelo kwikamva.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba i-ASML inethemba malunga nentengiso yeseminonductor yaseTshayina ekhulayo kwaye iya kuqhubeka nokwandisa ubukho bayo kwezeshishini e-China kwixa elizayo. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba i-ASML iya kulumka malunga nokuhanjiswa kwesi sixhobo se-EUV kwaSMIC.

Zithini izimvo zabanye abenzi bezixhobo zase-US?

I-Lithography yinxalenye enye kuphela yenkqubo yokuvelisa i-semiconductor, kwaye izixhobo ezininzi ze-semiconductor ziyafuneka kwi-etching, ukugaya, ukucoca kunye nezinye iinkqubo.

Ukongeza kwi-Dutch ASML, izixhobo eziSebenzayo zase-US, uPhando lwe-Lam kunye ne-KLA ngabaxhasi bezixhobo kwishishini le-semiconductor yehlabathi.

UDaniel Durn, i-CFO yezixhobo eziSebenzisiweyo, uchaze ukuba inkampani inezicwangciso zokuqinisekisa ukuba igalelo lentlawulo lazo naziphi na iirhafu ezinxulumene nokurhweba kwe-Sino-US kuncitshisiwe. Kwikota yesibini, imarike yelizwekazi iChina ibisenza iipesenti ezingama-28% yengeniso yenkampani, eyona iphezulu emhlabeni.

U-O Christi Donzella, umongameli olisekela eliphambili kunye nomphathi wentengiso we-KLA, uxele kudliwanondlebe kunye neJi Wei.com ukuba iChina yeyona ndawo ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwizifundo zokuziphatha. Kwikota yesibini ye-KLA ka-2018, ingeniso yaseTshayina ibalwe iipesenti ezingama-32, okwesibini eSouth Korea (34%). Kwixesha elizayo, i-KLA iza kubonelela ngetekhnoloji eyahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zobuchwephesha basekhaya ukunceda ekuphuhlisweni kweshishini le-semiconductor yaseChina.

Xa uthatha inxaxheba kwi-China yokuqala Expo yase-China, u-Lam uphando wagxininisa ukuba ubungakanani beentengiso zase-China zibonisa amathuba apha, unokuzithemba okukhulu kwimarike yaseTshayina, kwaye uyavuya kakhulu ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwe-semiconductor ye-China.

Ngo-Epreli walo nyaka, nangona iSanan Optoelectronics ifakiwe kwi "Uluhlu olungacaciswanga (UVL)" ngurhulumente wase-US, izixhobo zesicelo zamisa okwethutyana unxibelelwano phakathi kwamashishini mabini. Nangona kunjalo, emva konxibelelwano olusebenzayo, iqalile kwakhona kungekudala. Ukubonelela kunye nentsebenziswano.

Ukusuka kwisimo sengqondo sabavelisi bezixhobo ze-semiconductor zase-US, kwanele ukubona ukuba abavelisi bemveli baseMelika bahlawula ngakumbi kwimarike ye-semiconductor yaseChina. Nokuba kukho isiqephu esincinci ngenxa yemigaqo karhulumente, kuyasebenza kakhulu ukunxibelelana nokusombulula.

Umzi mveliso waseDatshi uyathobela?

Kwimeko yemfazwe yorhwebo yase-Sino-US, kulula ukulibazisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-ASML kwaye sityhola nokungenelela kwe-US. Ke, umzi-mveliso wesixhobo wase-US awenzanga nto, i-ASML njengomenzi ongumDatshi, iyakuthotyelwa e-United States?

UChris Hung, umhlalutyi ophezulu kubuchwephesha kwiMarket Intelligence & Consulting Institute, uthe: "Zonke iinkampani ezinxulumene ne-chip, nokuba zezeMelika okanye akunjalo, zilumke kakhulu xa kuthunyelwa iimveliso eTshayina. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ubunini bempahla, izixhobo kunye nesayensi esisiseko zilawulwa yi ".

Ukuthatha uHuawei, enye inkampani yaseTshayina, njengomzekelo, emva kokuba le nkampani ibandakanyiwe "kuluhlu lwequmrhu", ingalo yomxhasi wase-Bhritane yamazisa kwangoko ukumiswa kwentsebenzo kunye noHuawei, kuba icandelo lobuchwephesha belizwe laseMelika. . Nangona kunjalo, emva kokugqiba ukuphononongwa ngokusemthethweni, ingalo iphinde yaqhuba ishishini layo kunye neHuawei.

Ukongeza ingalo, uninzi lwabathengisi baseHuawei base-US ngoku babuyela ekubonelweni nguHuawei emva kokudlulisela uphononongo lokuthobela.

Ke ngoko, oku kuyimeko xa i-ASML icekisa ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo ze-EUV ze-EMIC. Ngokutsho kwemithombo, isinye kwisesihlanu sezinto ezifunekayo koomatshini bokwenza imveliso zeASML ziveliswa kwisityalo e-Connecticut, eMelika. Nokuba kunyanzelekile ukuba i-ASML iqhube “uphononongo lokuthobela,” ukuhanjiswa kuya kuqhubeka kwakhona nje xa iimeko zithe zahlangatyezwa. I-SMIC nayo iphendule kwisiganeko kwaye ithi le projekthi isaqhubeka "kwisigaba somsebenzi esibhaliweyo." Okwangoku, inkqubo yenkqubela phambili yenkqubela phambili yenkqubela phambili nenkqubela phambili, unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-R&D kunye nemveliso yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye abathengi kunye nezixhobo zingeniswa ngaphakathi kwesiqhelo.

Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba uninzi lwabanikezeli base-Huawei base-US babuyela kancinci ukuhambisa, kwaye ubudlelwane be-Sino-US babonakalise iimpawu zokunciphisa. Kutshanje, unobhala wezorhwebo e-US uWilber Ross ude wathi i-China kunye ne-United States kulindeleke ukuba zifikelele kwisivumelwano sezorhwebo e-Iowa, Alaska, Hawaii okanye China kwenye indawo kungekudala.

Oku kunokuba ziindaba ezilungileyo kwisivumelwano phakathi kwe-ASML kunye ne-SMIC. Nokuba urhulumente waseDatshi unexhala lokutsala i-United States, ukuba imeko ye-US nge China iqala ukuphucuka, ke urhulumente wase-Datshi ngokuqinisekileyo ngekhe enze impikiswano engaphezulu.